初中英語(yǔ)作文訓(xùn)練

1、一、過(guò)渡詞的種類(lèi)1.根據(jù)意思和作用的不同，過(guò)渡詞可以分為以下十五類(lèi)：（1）表并列關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞:alsoaswellaswellas，toonotonly...butalsoboth...either...neither...n（2）表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞:besidesinaddition（加之，除……之外）meover(此外，而且)what’sme（更重要的是），what’swse（更糟糕的是）（3）表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的過(guò)渡詞：buthoweve

2、ryetinsteadontheotherhonthecontrary(相反)althoughdespiteinspiteofwhereas（而）unlikenevertheless（然而）notonly...butalsohere...thereyearsago...todaythis...thatthefmer...thelatterthen...nowthefirst...whereasthesecondonce...nowont

3、heoneh...ontheotherhsome...others（4）表原因的過(guò)渡詞:becausebecauseofsinceasfnowthatthankstodueto（由于）（5）表結(jié)果的過(guò)渡詞:sothustherefeasaresultsothatthenthereby（從而）hence（因此）so...thatsuch...that（6）表?xiàng)l件的過(guò)渡詞:ifunlessonconditionthat（條件是）assolo

4、ngas（只要）（7）表時(shí)間的過(guò)渡詞:whenwhileafterbefeuntilassoonaslaterafterwards（事后）soonlatelyrecentlysincefromthenoneventuallyinthemeantimethensuddenlyatthesametimenextearlythismningyearcenturyafterawhileinafewdaysnowpresentlyfinallya

5、tlastallofasuddenfromnowonatpresentimmediatelythemoment（8）表特定的順序關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞:firstfirstlysecondsecondlythirdthirdlyaboveallfirstofallthennextfinallyintheendatlastafterward(s)（后來(lái)）meanwhile（幾乎同時(shí)）thereafter（在那以后）lastfinallyeventu

6、ally（終于）（9）表?yè)Q一種方式表達(dá)的過(guò)渡詞:inotherwdsthatistosaytoputitanotherway（10）表進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明的過(guò)渡詞:finstancefexamplelikesuchas（11）表陳述事實(shí)的過(guò)渡詞:infactactuallyasamatteroffacttotellyouthetruth（12）表強(qiáng)調(diào)的過(guò)渡詞:certainlyindeedaboveallsurelymostimptantinf

7、actnodoubtwithoutanydoubttrulyobviously（13）表比較的過(guò)渡詞：likeunlikeinthesamewaysimilarlysimilarto（14）表目的的過(guò)渡詞：fthisreasonfthispurpose(為此)sothatindertosoasto（15）表總結(jié)的過(guò)渡詞:inawd(總之，簡(jiǎn)言之)ingeneralinsht(總之)aboveallafterallgenerallyspe

8、akingtosumupfinallyinconclusionatlastinsummary2.文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過(guò)渡詞來(lái)完成，在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。“啟”就是開(kāi)頭“承”是承接，“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，“合”是綜合或總結(jié)。（1）用于“啟”的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)(常用在段落或文章的開(kāi)頭)firstfirstofallatfirstinthefirstplacefirstlytostartwithrecentlynowatpresentinrec

9、entyearsingeneralgenerallyspeakingatpresentlatelycurrentlyItisoftensaidthat...Astheproverbsays...Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...Itisclearobviousthat...Manypeopleoftenask...（2）用于“承”的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)(通常用在段落中的第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中)secondsimilarlyinadditi

10、onbesidesthenfurthermemeoverwhatismewhatiswsefexamplefinstancecertainlysurelyobviouslyinotherwdsespeciallyparticularlyinparticularindeedstillthirdtrulyinfactatthesametimenodoubt，Itistruethat...Everybodyknowsthat...Itcanb

11、eeasilyprovedthat...Noonecandenythat...Thereasonwhy...isthat...Thereisnodoubtthat...Totake...fanexample(instance)...Weknowthat...Whatismeseriousisthat...（3）用于“轉(zhuǎn)”的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)(通常用在段落中的第二個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中)buthoweverontheotherhonthecontraryinc

12、ontrastinanycaseatanyrate(無(wú)論如何)nevertheless(雖然如此)otherwiseelsewhilewhereasbutdespiteinspiteof...yetinsteadIdonotbelievethat...Perhapsyou’llaskwhy...Thismaybetruebutwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto...Thoughweareinbasicagre

13、ementwith...yetdifferenceswillbefoundThat’swhyIfeelthat...（4）用于“合”的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)(通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中)inawdingeneralinshtaboveallafterallgenerallyspeaking，tosumupfinallyinconclusionatlastinsummarytherefeasaresultaboveallthus，aftera

14、ll(畢竟)eventuallyhenceinshtinconclusioninawdinsum(總之)onthewhole(就整體而言)tosumupFromthispointofview...Onaccountofthiswecanfindthat...Theresultisdependenton...Thusthisisthereasonwhywemust...二、過(guò)渡詞的應(yīng)用實(shí)例childrenarenotproficienti

15、nthefeignlanguagebefegoingabroad.Asaresulttheyhavedifficultyinunderstingwhatthenativespeakersaretalkingabout.Thirdtheymaygetintotroublewhendealingwithvarioussituationsflackofknowledgeofthecustomsinthestrangel.Furthermeth

16、ecostoflivingismuchhigherthanthatinourcountrywhichmightcauseaheavyburdentothefamily.Inconclusiontherearemedisadvantagesinsendingchildrentostudyabroad.Sowe’dbetternotdoit.試題試題11.觀察下圖。根據(jù)圖示和參考詞語(yǔ)，適當(dāng)拓展想象空間，以Whyaretreesimptant

17、為標(biāo)題，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇不少于80個(gè)詞的短語(yǔ)。注意：(1)短文應(yīng)切中題意，條理清楚，詞句通順，書(shū)寫(xiě)清晰、規(guī)范。(2)短文第一句話已給出。參考詞語(yǔ)：takeincarbondioxide吸收二氧化碳；oxygen氧氣；insect昆蟲(chóng)；stopwatersoilfromgoingaway防止水土流失；desert沙漠。[解析]1.認(rèn)真審題：本題已給出題目，我們可以根據(jù)題目，用提示詞和圖示為線索展開(kāi)書(shū)寫(xiě)。2.確定要素：①樹(shù)能吸收二氧化碳，釋放氧

18、氣。②樹(shù)能給鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)提供家園。③樹(shù)能為某些小動(dòng)物提供食物。④樹(shù)能阻止水土流失。⑤樹(shù)能防止土壤沙漠化。⑥植樹(shù)造林，美化家園。范文：WhyaretreesimptantTreesareveryimptanttous.DoyouknowwhyLetmetellyou.Treestakeincarbondioxidefromtheairmakeoxygen.That’simptant.Peopleanimalsneedoxygentolive.Ma

19、nysmallanimalsinsectsliveinthetrees.Someofthemalsogetfoodfromtrees.Treescanalsostopwatersoilfromgoingaway.Ifwehavealotoftreestheycanstoplfrombeingdesert.Ithinkthisisveryimptant.Youknowtreesaregreen.Theycanmakeourcountrye

20、venmebeautiful.Treesareourgoodfriends.Weshouldplantmetreestakegoodcareofthem.試題試題2小明做了一個(gè)夢(mèng)。他夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己為北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)做一名志愿者：他努力幫助來(lái)自世界各國(guó)的外國(guó)朋友……在交談中，小明讓外國(guó)朋友更多地了解北京。外國(guó)朋友感謝小明，并認(rèn)為小明的英語(yǔ)非常好。小明很高興，他甜蜜地笑了……請(qǐng)你根據(jù)設(shè)定的夢(mèng)境并加以想象，寫(xiě)一段80詞左右的短文。開(kāi)始語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ)均已給出（

21、不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。內(nèi)容要求：（1）幫助外國(guó)朋友；（2）與外國(guó)朋友交談；（3）感謝小明；（4）小明很高興。詞匯參考：詞匯參考：try（do）onesbest，find（that），），heavy（lost），），carry（show，take），），taxi（car，bike），），ontheway，talkwith（about）（開(kāi)頭已給出）XiaoMinghadadream（夢(mèng)）lastnight.Inthedream，hevolunt

22、eeredtoserve（志愿列隊(duì)）theBeijingOlympics.范文：XiaoMinghadadreamlastnight.Inthedream，hevolunteeredtoservetheBeijingOlympics.Hetriedhisbesttohelpthefeignfriendsfromdifferentcountries.Whenhefoundafeignfriendwriedinthestreet，hewen