簡介:附錄附錄THEORIGINANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMTHEHISTORYOFTHEMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMARENOTLONG,HASSTUDIEDTHETIMEWITHMORETHAN40YEARSABOUTITSSYSTEMTILLNOW,ASANEWDEVELOPINGDISCIPLINE,ITSDEVELOPMENTCOURSEHASROUGHLYGONETHROUGHFOLLOWINGSEVERALSTAGESTHEWORDOFMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMMISAPPEAREDINTHE1960SFIRST,UNIVERSITYPROFESSOR,GBDAVISOFMANAGEMENTCOLLEGE,MINNESOTAOFUSA,LEADCOLLEAGUEOFHIMBEGINFURTHERINVESTIGATION,THEMISOFFIELDTHEAPPEARANCEOFTHEMIS,HASBROUGHTTHEREVOLUTIONARYCHANGETOMANAGEMENTINTHEFUTURE,PEOPLECANNOTIMAGINETODAYSSTATUSANDFUNCTIONINTHEBUSINESSACTIVITIESOFALLORGANIZATIONSOFTHEMISATALLATTHATTIME,ESPECIALLYTHEDEVELOPMENTATFULLSPEEDOFTHETECHNOLOGYOFTHECOMPUTERWITHSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,THEMIS,THISDISCIPLINE,ISBEINGPERFECTEDCONSTANTLY,OCCUPYQUITEIMPORTANTPOSITIONDURINGNOWADAYSFIERCEMARKETCOMPETITIONTHEUSEOFINFORMATIONISNOTAPATENTOFTHEMODERNSOCIETYTHEPERIODOFTHREEKINDOMSZHUGELIANG“GRASSSHIPBORROWARROW“THATWOMENANDCHILDRENKNOWALL,ASTRONOMY,GEOGRAPHICALINFORMATIONMODELOFMAGICALEFFECTSUCHANEXAMPLECANBEFOUNDEVERYWHEREATALLTIMESANDINALLLANDS,ONLYTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFINFORMATIONWASNOTFARASTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFINFORMATIONOFTODAYATTHATTIME,ITISINCOMPARABLETOOININFORMATIONTREATMENTTECHNOLOGY,METHODANDMEANSTHEDEVELOPMENTOFANYDISCIPLINEISALLCLOSELYLINKEDTOENVIRONMENTANDCONDITIONOFTHESOCIETYATTHATTIME,ECONOMIC,TECHNOLOGYTHEMISISTHESAMETOO,AFTERTHEMANKINDENTERSTHEINDUSTRIALSOCIETY,OUTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORSURVIVALANDDEVELOPMENT,PEOPLEBEGINTOTRYTOUSEMOREADVANCEDEQUIPMENTANDTECHNICALTREATMENTANDUSEINFORMATIONATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHE19THCENTURYATTHEENDOFTHE18THCENTURY,THEAPPEARANCEOFTHECARDPUNCH,PEOPLEFELTTHEREVOLUTIONARYERAOFINFORMATIONPROCESSINGHASALREADYCOMES,THISISLEAPOFINFORMATIONPROCESSINGBEFOREACOMPUTERAPPEARSENTERINGTHEFIFTIES,THEMANKINDINVENTEDTHECOMPUTER,THOUGHTHECOMPUTERATTHATTIMEANDOURCOMPUTEROFTODAYWEREUNABLETOCOMPARE,BUTPEOPLEHAVESTILLSEENITSDEVELOPMENTPOTENTIALITYININFORMATIONPROCESSING,THENTRYTOMAKEUSEOFITTOASSISTPEOPLETOMANAGEONESOWNBUSINESSINCONDITIONALBEGINNING,REPLACEANDDEALWITHALARGENUMBEROFDATAARTIFICIALLYWITHTHECOMPUTERITSEEMSTODAYTHATTHEMISISFROMTHELIFEBEGINNINGTOREALLYCOMEINTOPEOPLEATTHISMOMENTITISEARLIESTANDUSINGTHEBESTSYSTEMOFTHERESULTTOBESHOULDBEEDPTODESERVETOBECALLEDTHEMIS,NAMELYWECALLTHATTHEELECTRONICDATAHANDLINGSYSTEMELECTRONICDATAPROCESSINGNOWEDPKEPTUSINGUNTILTHE1990S,DIDNOTWITHDRAWFROMTHESTAGEGRADUALLYUNTILINTERNETISPOPULARIZEDINMIDDLEPERIODOFTHEFIFTIES,PEOPLEBEGANTOREALIZEITWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINDUSTRIALIZEDSOCIETY,PRODUCTIONSCALEANDFIELDAREEXPANDINGCONSTANTLY,THECONSTANTIMPROVEMENTOFTHEPRODUCTIONAUTOMATIONLEVEL,PRODUCTIONANDCIRCULATIONGROWWITHEACHPASSINGDAY,MAKETHEINFORMATIONRELATEDTOPRODUCINGEXPANDATDOUBLE,THEREFORETHEMANAGEMENTISMOREANDMORECOMPLICATEDITISORGANIZATIONSCOMMONEXPECTATIONTHATTHETREATMENTTOINFORMATIONISREQUIREDINTIME,ACCURATETHENGENERALELECTRICCOLIMITEDOFUSAUSEDTHECOMPUTERTOCALCULATEANDCALCULATEWITHTHECOSTACCOUNTINGTHEEARLIESTCOMPUTERSALARYIN1954,THISISANEARLYSHAPEOFTHEMIS,ANDAMASTERPIECEOFEDPUSAUSECOMPUTERCARRYONPIONEEROFDATAPROCESSING,AMONGCOMPUTEROFNEARLY3,000OFUSAWILLITBETHEENDTHEFIFTIES,NEARLY80ISUSEDINDEVELOPINGPERIODBECAUSETHEREISGUARANTEEOFTECHNOLOGY,THETHINGTHATCANONLYWANTTOCANTBEDONEINALOTOFBEFORESCANALLBEVERYEASYTOREALIZETHEMANKINDHASNOTONLYENTEREDANDMANAGEDTIMESWITHNOPAPERATALLBUTALSOBEGINTOENTERTHETIMESOFMANAGEMENTBASEDONARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE,PEOPLEBEGINTOSTUDYANDAPPLYTHEARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCETHEORYTOBUSINESSADMINISTRATIONANDCOMBINEWITHDSSETC,THEEXPERTSYSTEMUSEDINMANAGEMENTBEGINSTOAPPEARTOOTHISKINDOFSYSTEMHASOFFEREDATOOLTOTHEREASONINGSTRUCTUREOFTHEEXPERTSYSTEMANDKNOWLEDGEBASEEDITORBESIDESOFFERINGUSERSENORMOUSMODELSTOREHOUSE,USERSCANUSEKNOWLEDGEBASEANDREASONINGORGANIZATIONINTHESYSTEMTOCARRYONREASONINGTOTHEDECISIONQUESTION,GETRELEVANTCONCLUSIONSTHEMIDORLATE1980S,HAVEPRESENTEDTHEHIGHLEVELANDINCHARGEOFTHEINFORMATIONSYSTEMINSUCCESSIONEXECUTIVEINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,EISANDTHESTRATEGICINFORMATIONSYSTEMSTRATEGYINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,SISTHEFORMERISTHATONEKINDFACESTHETOPMANAGEMENTTEAMSDSSWHILEORGANIZINGINFACT,THELATTERISMAINLYTHEDECISIONSUPPORTTOSTRATEGYANDPOLICYOFORGANIZINGINTHE1990S,HUMANENTRYREACHEDINFORMATIONAGETHISPERIOD,PEOPLESUNDERSTANDINGTHATINFORMATIONISNEW,ANDPAYGREATATTENTIONINFORMATIONASBASICRESOURCEOFENTERPRISE,BECOMEFROMONESTATUSOFSUPPORTINGROLEALLENTERPRISEPRODUCEANDMANAGEMAINROLEOFCOURSENOWADAYSALREADYNOBODYSENORMOUSFUNCTIONONINFORMATIONHASANYSUSPICIONINMODERNENTERPRISES,PEOPLEKNOWCLEARLY,HASIGNOREDTHECONTROLOVERINFORMATION,WORKINGEFFICIENCYANDWORKQUALITYAREDIFFICULTTOIMPROVE,ITISDIFFICULTTOKEEPUNBEATENINTHEFIERCEMARKETCOMPETITIONTHETRENDOFTHEECONOMICGLOBALIZATIONHASALREADYBEENINVENTEDAPPARENTLY,THERIVALFROMBOTHHOMEANDABROADWILLBESTRONGERANDSTRONGER,TODAYOFTREATMENTTECHNOLOGYHIGHDEVELOPMENTOFINFORMATION,MEANGRASPINGTHEMOSTADVANCEDTOOLOFPRODUCTIONTOOAFTERGRASPINGTHEINFORMATIONRESOURCES,THUSHAVETHEINITIATIVEINHANDSINKEENCOMPETITIONONTHEOTHERHAND,THEDEVELOPMENTOFINFORMATIONINDUSTRIALIZATIONHASADVANCEDTHEPROCESSOFINDUSTRYSINFORMATIONIZATIONTOO,THESTATUSINPEOPLESPRODUCTION,LIVINGOFINFORMATIONINDUSTRYREPRESENTEDBYINTERNETISRISINGCONSTANTLY,THEINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTHASALREADYBECOMEKEYTECHNOLOGYOFSUPPORTINGENTERPRISESTHE1990SWERETHETIMESTHATTHEMISWASDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY,SUCHADVANCEDPERSONSASERP,MRPII,JIT,OPT,ETCPRODUCEDTHEOFFICEPROCEDURETOCOMBINEWITHTHEMISCLOSELY,BECOMERIPEONBEHALFOFMODERNENTERPRISEGRADUALLYINMANAGEMENT,MODERNTHEMISWHETHERCONCEPTOFTHEMISOFINFORMATIONAGETAKESHAPEGRADUALLYSINCELATERSTAGEOFTHE1990S,THECONCEPTSOFKNOWLEDGEECONOMYANDINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTHAVEALREADYBEENACCEPTEDBYPEOPLE,ANDBEGINAPPLICATIONINENTERPRISESWITHBETTERFOUNDATIONTHEMISISBEINGPERFECTEDWITHDEVELOPMENTCONSTANTLYINTHENEWSOCIALENVIRONMENT,ECONOMICENVIRONMENT,FACETHEPROBLEMTHATALOTOFARENEWATTHESAMETIMEENTER21STCENTURY,INFORMATIONBECOMEPRIMARYKEYELEMENT,ENTERPRISEOFRESOURCEALREADY,CONTROLOVERINFORMATIONANDISITHAVENEWINTENSIONALSOTOUSEGETINTOUCHCLOSERINTHEMIS,OTHERMETHODSANDTECHNOLOGYOFINFORMATIONAGE,THETRANSFORMATIONSOFECOMMERCE,KNOWLEDGEECONOMY,MODERNENTERPRISESCOURSE,AREALLFOCUSESINTHE21STCENTURYINTERNETANDINTRANETPERMEATETHROUGHENTERPRISES,PRESENTTHEMISISNOTCONFINEDTOTHEMANAGEMENTRESPECTSOFENTERPRISESEITHER,THERELIANCEONINFORMATIONOFENTERPRISEOFTODAYWASINCOMPARABLEATANYTIMEINTHEPASTTHEMISISADEVELOPINGCONCEPT,ITSDEVELOPMENTCOMESFROMTHEENTERPRISEANDTHESOCIETYTOITSDEMANDPEOPLEPROPOSED“INFORMATIONMANAGEMENTANDINFORMATIONSYSTEM“INORDERTOREPLACETHEMISATTHEENDOFTHE20THCENTURY,HAVECONTAINEDFIVERESPECTSINTHESPECIALIZEDCATALOGUEINTHEPASTINOURCOUNTRYNAMELYTHEMIS,ECONOMICINFORMATIONMANAGEMENT,SCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALINFORMATION
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